Cusco isn’t just about Machu Picchu. In the city and the stunning Sacred Valley of the Incas, there’s a string of archaeological parks that not only showcase the architectural prowess of the Sun’s children but also their ability to blend their stone constructions harmoniously with the Andean landscape.

The Pisac Archaeological Park is a prime example of this quality. Its vast agricultural terraces, temples, observatories, homes, and cemeteries will impress you with their solid stone walls. But that’s not all. During your visit, you’ll also enjoy breathtaking views of the Sacred Valley.

Before or after exploring the park, make sure to venture into the Pisac market, one of the most vibrant in Peru. We recommend taking your time to explore it, as there’s so much to see and buy, from handcrafted goods to an extraordinary variety of traditional products.

Where is Pisac?

You won’t have to venture far from Cusco to explore the Pisac Archaeological Park. The distance is short—just 33 kilometres to the northwest—and the road from the former Inca capital is paved.

Don’t worry about transportation. You’ll find various ways to reach this destination in the Calca province, located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Keep reading, and we’ll provide you with all the details you need to visit Pisac, the village, the market, and the Inca site.

A Bit of History

As the Incas began to solidify their political and social power, they found themselves needing to expand their domain beyond the city of Cusco. In their quest for territories to consolidate their burgeoning empire, they discovered a nearby valley that was productive, accessible, and ideal for their purposes.

It’s easy to imagine what happened next. The Urubamba Valley would become the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Here, the Sun’s children established numerous strategic settlements, including Pisac, which served as an administrative, military centre and the royal estate of Inca Pachacútec.

Nothing lasts forever. After the fall of the Tawantinsuyo due to the Spanish conquest, Pisac was transformed into a reduction of indigenous people during the period of the Toledo reforms.

One of the measures imposed by Viceroy Francisco de Toledo required natives to leave their homes in higher altitudes. The goal was to relocate them to nearby and more accessible towns, supposedly to facilitate evangelisation.

During the conquest, the Spaniards—eager to find gold and silver—destroyed or plundered Inca temples and homes. Despite this, the structures of Pisac withstood these assaults of greed, remaining to this day a valuable pre-Hispanic testament in the Sacred Valley.

What Will You See in Pisac?

Get ready to discover one of the wonders of the Sacred Valley. The Pisac Archaeological Park stands out for its intricate urban planning, flawless architecture—where stones fit together like puzzle pieces—and its productive agricultural terraces.

The terraces are a testament to advanced pre-Hispanic agricultural technology. This system transformed mountain slopes into farmland, maximising the use of land in rugged geographical areas.

While it’s true that Inca society was predominantly agricultural, like any empire, it was not free from military threats and risks. For this reason, Pisac also served a strategic military role, featuring defensive systems that included fortified walls and watchtowers.

On your visit, you’ll explore various areas and sectors, such as the ceremonial baths, residential settlement, cemetery, and the neighbourhoods of Intiwatana, Tianayuc, K’alla Q’asa, Pisaq’a, Qanchis Raqay, and the Acchapata terraces, as well as the Torreones or Pucaras.

How to Get There

Due to its proximity, accessibility, and undeniable attractions, Pisac is one of the favourite destinations for travellers spending their holidays in Cusco.

Here’s some information to help you get to this village in the Sacred Valley of the Incas:

By Public Transport: On Puputi Street in Cusco, you’ll find the bus stop for Pisac. Buses run daily, so you won’t have trouble starting your journey. The fare ranges from 10 to 12 soles per person.

By Taxi: For added comfort, you can hire a taxi from Cusco. Be sure to confirm the fare (for a one-way or round trip) with the driver before you set off. If possible, ask your accommodation if they can recommend a trusted driver.

By Tour: Local operators offer various itineraries that include Pisac and other locations in the Sacred Valley. You can choose between group or private tours, and conventional or adventure options (such as biking or hiking). You decide how you want to experience it—all are extraordinary.

How Much Is the Entrance Fee?

The Pisac Archaeological Park is included in the Cusco Tourist Ticket, both in the full ticket (130 soles for foreigners, 70 soles for Peruvians) and the partial ticket (70 soles for foreigners, 40 soles for Peruvians).

Regarding the opening hours, you can access the archaeological site from 7:00 am to 5:00 pm. For a more relaxed and peaceful visit, try to arrive early to avoid the crowds.

A Stop at the Pisac Market

Como te darás cuenta el mercado es un lugar perfecto para interactuar con la población local y comprar artesanía típica. Eso sí, no olvides llevar efectivo en soles. Es la manera más fácil de comprar.

You shouldn’t leave Cusco without visiting one of the most vibrant, bustling, and diverse markets in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. So, before or after exploring the archaeological park, make sure to discover everything that’s on offer in the urban area of Pisac.

In the market, you’ll find the finest agricultural products from the valley, a wide range of crafts, musical instruments, Cusqueñan school paintings, alpaca fibre textiles, and everything you need for rituals and shamanic sessions.

And since Peru is a gastronomic haven, take the opportunity to sample some traditional broth or another Andean delight. Your taste buds will thank you.

As you’ll see, the market is a great place to interact with locals and buy traditional crafts. Just remember to bring cash in soles, as it’s the easiest way to make purchases.

Travel Recommendations

• If you’re planning to visit the Pisac market on a Sunday, try to arrive as early as possible. On this day, a large number of locals and community members come to practice barter.
• Bring cash in soles to avoid any issues when making purchases.
• Pisac is a destination best explored on foot. Wear comfortable and durable shoes; hiking boots would be ideal if you have them.
• Don’t forget to bring a water bottle, a warm layer (as the sun can be deceiving), a raincoat (in case of a passing shower), a hat, and sunscreen on your excursion. Make sure not to leave these essentials at your accommodation.
• Take the opportunity to enjoy the delicious food of the Sacred Valley at local restaurants during your visit.

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If there’s a place in Cusco that transports you to the Incan past, it’s Ollantaytambo. The streets and houses at the heart of this ancient town retain their ancestral essence and pre-Hispanic roots.

Rightly called the “Living Inca City,” it’s not just because of its streets and houses. Another reason is the Ollantaytambo archaeological park. Its monumental walls, enclosures, and stone terraces are “planted” on a mountainside. Simply breathtaking!

Whether it was a fortress or an Inca tambo (resting place) is a matter of debate among researchers. What everyone agrees on is that Ollantaytambo is a must-visit destination.

And since we want to help you uncover this archaeological gem that captivates travellers from around the world, we’ll provide you with key details to make your visit unforgettable. Get ready to experience and be part of the Incan legacy that still lives and breathes in Ollantaytambo!

Ollantaytambo, where is it?

Cusco is the starting point. Head northwest, and you’ll cover just 60 km. That’s right—only 60 kilometres on a paved road that offers spectacular views of the Sacred Valley of the Incas.

It’s the perfect prelude to what you’ll experience in the district of Ollantaytambo (Urubamba province), which, due to its location, is a strategic stop for wanderers heading to Machu Picchu. You definitely want to be one of them!

A glance at its history

The first thing you should know about Ollantaytambo is the meaning of its name. It comes from the Quechua words “Ollantay” and “tambo“. The former is thought to be the name of an Inca general, while the latter means “resting place.”

But was Ollantaytambo merely a resting spot for travellers, or did it serve other purposes? That’s the question researchers are trying to answer to determine the primary function of this structure built in the 15th century, at the height of the Incan empire.

Tambo, military fortress, administrative centre, and strategic point in the Inca road network are some of the roles this archaeological park may have played, showcasing the architectural skill of its builders.

You’ll see this for yourself as you explore the terraces, temples, plazas, and water channel system that are still well-preserved. You’ll also be amazed by the massive carved stones in the walls, some of which weigh several tonnes.

In January 1537, Ollantaytambo was the site of an epic battle between the rebel Manco Inca and the forces of a Spanish expedition led by Hernando Pizarro. After their defeat, the conquistadors had to retreat to Cusco, leaving the fortress… or tambo—better to avoid debates— in the hands of the “Children of the Sun.”

The best of Ollantaytambo

As you explore the archaeological park, focus your attention on the following areas to make your journey into the past truly rewarding:

Temple of the Sun

It features large, finely carved stone blocks. It is believed to have served a ceremonial and astronomical function, related to observing the movements of the Sun and the seasons. It is located at the top of the central terrace.

Temple of the Ten Niches

It is a structure with ten niches in its rear wall. It is believed that each niche held sculptures of Incan deities, serving a ceremonial purpose. From this temple, you’ll have a panoramic view of the valley and the terraced fields.

The agricultural terraces

The terraced farming system of Ollantaytambo not only expanded agricultural areas but also added a touch of beauty to the Inca fortress or tambo.

Take a close look at them and remember that a variety of plants were grown on these terraces. They provided food security for the population and simultaneously helped prevent landslides, known locally in Peru as huaicos.

The Baths of the Ñustas

It is a site with a water fountain sourced from several underground channels that converge into a single flow. These baths had ritual and purification functions for the ñustas, young women of Incan nobility who dedicated their lives to the service and worship of Inti (the Sun).

The Intihuatana

“Where the Sun is tied or bound”—that’s the meaning of this Quechua term used to name a carved stone of great importance in Andean cosmology.

The Intihuatana served an astronomical and spiritual function, acting as a point of connection between the earthly and spiritual realms. Special ceremonies in honour of the Sun were conducted here during solstices and equinoxes, as well as rituals related to the solar cycle and agricultural seasons.

 The Royal House of the Sun

It is the name given to a complex of buildings constructed with finely carved stones. These served as an administrative centre, ceremonial space, and residence for Inca rulers.

How to Get to Ollantaytambo?

Distance is no obstacle, nor is transport or access routes. And the altitude (Ollantaytambo is at 2792 m above sea level) is also not a concern. In short, there’s no reasonable excuse to leave the “Living Inca City” out of your holiday itinerary.

If you still have any doubts, we can provide you with detailed information to make your trip even easier. First, you should know that there are two routes from Cusco to Ollantaytambo.

The southern route passes through Chinchero and Urubamba before reaching Ollantaytambo, while the northern route goes through Pisac, Calca, and Urubamba. Travel times are approximately 90 minutes (via Chinchero) and 2 hours 30 minutes (via Pisac).

If you plan to use public transport, here are the details:

• By Public Transport: The Pavitos street is where you’ll find the buses heading to Ollantaytambo. They operate from 5:00 AM to 7:00 PM. The fare is approximately 12 soles.
• By Taxi: This is a good option if you want to avoid the hassle of public transport. Be sure to agree on the price before starting your journey, and clarify whether the service will be one-way or round-trip. It’s always a great idea to ask at your accommodation for recommendations for a trustworthy driver or company.
• By Tour: This is the safest, most comfortable, and reliable option. In Cusco, you’ll find several local operators offering various itineraries, both shared and private, to explore the Sacred Valley of the Incas. These tours typically include Ollantaytambo along with other significant attractions.

How much is the entrance fee?

Si quieres ingresar tienes que presentar el Boleto Turístico del Cusco. El parque arqueológico de Ollantaytambo está incluido en el boleto integral (130 soles extranjeros, 70 soles turistas nacionales) y en el parcial (70 soles extranjeros, 40 soles turistas nacionales). De preferencia adquiérelos en el Cusco para evitar cualquier contratiempo.

Al programar tu escapada turística a la “Ciudad Inca Viviente” no olvides que el horario de atención al público es desde las 7:00 hasta las 18:00 h.

To enter, you’ll need to present the Cusco Tourist Ticket. The Ollantaytambo archaeological park is included in both the comprehensive ticket (130 soles for foreigners, 70 soles for national tourists) and the partial ticket (70 soles for foreigners, 40 soles for national tourists). It’s best to purchase your tickets in Cusco to avoid any issues.

When planning your visit to the “Living Inca City,” don’t forget that the park is open to the public from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM.

Travel Tips

• Ollantaytambo offers spectacular views and unique opportunities for stunning photographs, so keep your camera ready!
• If you plan to travel by train from Ollantaytambo to Machu Picchu, book your tickets in advance. This is crucial during the high season as it ensures peace of mind and better rates.
• Wear comfortable clothing, but don’t underestimate the weather. Always bring a warm layer and a waterproof jacket.
• Choose footwear that allows for comfortable and secure walking. Hiking boots are ideal for exploring Ollantaytambo.
• A hat will be a great ally in the Sacred Valley, as will sunscreen. Make sure to use it!
• Staying hydrated is important at altitude, so always carry a bottle of water. You’ll definitely need it.
• Consider hiring a local tour guide. They can provide insights from a unique and personal perspective.

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Mount Ausangate is much more than just a mountain or the highest peak in the Vilcanota range. It is an apu, a powerful deity with a living essence, and it also generates life. It is the “creator” of the waters that nourish Mamapacha (Mother Earth) in the Sacred Valley of the Incas.

A religious and cultural icon since ancient times, Apu Ausangate is the fifth highest mountain in Peru at 6,385 metres. Yet its true grandeur isn’t measured in centimetres but in the respect and affection it inspires in the people of Cusco.

Majestic and proud, its glaciers give rise to seven lagoons with crystal-clear waters that sparkle thousands of metres above sea level. It is a natural spectacle that’s hard to imagine. It’s a place where you’ll feel the mountain winds and the protective embrace of the peaks.

Where are the lagoons located?

The first step to visiting the Ausangate lagoons is to know exactly where they are. Don’t worry, we’ll provide you with the details so you can start planning your trip.

This challenging high-altitude destination is located in Pacchanta (4,200 m above sea level), in the Ocongate district of the Quispicanchi province. It is 110 km from Cusco, and accessible by road.

Before we give you more information on how to get there, we’d like to share some details about the route andApu Ausangate to fuel your excitement for exploring the 7 lagoons circuit during your holiday in Peru.

The source of the water

The melting glaciers of Mount Ausangate create the seven shimmering lakes in this circuit. But what is the origin of the mountain range where the revered apu of Cusco is located?

The answer takes us back to the end of the Mesozoic era (Late Cretaceous), when the Nazca and South American plates converged, giving rise to the Vilcanota mountain range, one of the branches of the Andes.

This mountain chain stretches between the Cusco and Puno regions. Its snow-capped peaks formed numerous U-shaped valleys and stunningly beautiful lakes that provide valuable ecosystem services.

The lagoons are formed due to the action of moraines, which act as natural dams that hold back glacial meltwater.

As the ice melts due to the sun’s action, the water filters through the ground, creating streams and brooks that feed the lakes you’ll visit on your trek through the mountain range.

Here are the names of the seven lagoons:

• Laguna Pucacocha: Known as “Chocolate” due to the colour of its waters.
• Laguna Patacocha: Its waters will surprise you with their clarity and transparency.
• Laguna Alqacocha: From its shores, you’ll enjoy stunning views of the mountain range and Ausangate.
• Laguna Qomercocha: Recognizable by its turquoise waters.
• Laguna Orco Otorongo: Named after the jaguar, the largest feline in the Amazon, because the lake resembles the shape of this animal.
• Laguna China Otorongo: Known as the “female of the otorongo,” which is the meaning of its name.
• Laguna Azulcocha: The blue lagoon will impress you with the colour of its waters, perfectly matching its name.

A love legend

In ancient times, Ausangate, the Mountain God, was revered as the protector of the earth and water. Despite his majesty and power, the apu felt lonely. He longed for companionship and wished to fall in love.

And he did. Her name was Kusku, a celestial deity. But Ausangate’s happiness would awaken the envy of the apu Pariacaca, who, despite the distance between them (Pariacaca is located at the borders of the Lima and Junín regions), decided to use all his power to end their relationship.

Pariacaca showed no mercy. A punishing storm in the Vilcanota range was his way of expressing his anger. In the face of this unexpected deluge, Ausangate tried to protect his beloved with a cloak of clouds. It was in vain. The rain only ceased once it had succeeded in “drowning” the love between the two deities.

After the deluge caused by Pariacaca’s fury, the seven lagoons of Ausangate were formed. To this day, they are all revered, reminding us of the eternal struggle between good and evil.

How to get to the lagoons?

If you’re planning to visit the circuit without using the services of a local operator, you should head by road to the Pacchanta annex in the Ocongate district.

From Cusco, follow this route:

• Cusco-Tinki: Buses depart from Tomasa Titto Condemayta Avenue (Cusco-Ocongate-Tinki route). The journey by road takes about 3 to 4 hours. In the town of Tinki, you’ll find shops and businesses where you can buy what you need. You can also hire a local guide here.
• Tinki-Pacchanta: To shorten the walk to the 7 Lagoons circuit, take one of the taxis waiting for tourists in Tinki. The drive takes approximately 30 minutes.
• Pacchanta-7 Lagoons: The final stretch will be on foot. Be prepared to walk for about six hours on a marked trail. The difficulty level is moderate, and the altitude ranges from 4,100 to 4,800 m a.s.l.
• We recommend hiring a local guide in Tinki, or, if you prefer, you can book a specialist trekking operator in Cusco for the 7 Lagoons trek. In both cases, experienced guides who are familiar with the route will accompany you. They will provide valuable assistance and information about Ausangate.

Opening hours and prices

There is no set schedule for starting the trek to the 7 Lagoons. It’s best to begin your journey early in the morning to avoid rushing and to make the most of your experience.

Keep in mind that before setting out, you’ll need to pay an entrance fee of 10 soles.

A place to unwind

After hiking for several hours, there’s nothing more refreshing than a soak in a thermal pool. That’s exactly what you’ll do in Pacchanta, after your adventurous day exploring the 7 Lagoons circuit.

Get ready to unwind in Pacchanta’s natural hot springs. The warm waters emerge from deep within the earth and are rich in minerals. They’re believed to be therapeutic and highly beneficial for your skin and muscles.

While you soak, your eyes will continue to enjoy the breathtaking views of the mountain range. These sights will be the perfect reward for your perseverance and effort on the 7 Lagoons trek of Ausangate, the revered apu of Cusco.

Travel tips

• Hiking at altitudes above 4,000 m a.s.l. is no easy task. It requires good health and physical fitness, as well as acclimatisation to the altitude.
• Before setting off, check the local weather conditions and be prepared for sudden changes.
• Carry a small backpack with extra clothing. A t-shirt, a pair of socks, a warm layer, and a rain jacket will be very useful for any unexpected situations.
• Don’t forget to use (and bring) sunscreen. The radiation in the mountains is intense.
• Mountain clothing and hiking boots will be your best allies in the Ausangate region. Keep in mind that you’ll be walking over varying terrain and at different altitudes.
• Remember, water is essential, especially during hikes. Bring plenty of liquids to stay hydrated.
• Snack on dried fruits and other energy foods during the hike.
• It’s advisable to hire a specialised agency or a local guide, especially if you lack experience in high-altitude trekking.
• Always show respect for the culture and traditions of local communities. Ask permission before taking photographs of people.
• Be careful with your waste and aim to minimise your environmental impact. The mountain and the apu will thank you!

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Vinicunca, the famous Rainbow Mountain of Cusco, has a “little sister.” She’s equally beautiful and dressed in seven colours, but since she’s not an internet influencer with thousands of social media followers, she doesn’t attract the crowds wanting to visit, see, and conquer her.

She’s overlooked for being modest and perhaps a bit shy. People don’t realise that she’s closer and more accessible. They don’t know that you don’t have to trek until you’re exhausted to reach the “heart” of the Rainbow of Palccoyo, or Palcoyo, as we call this “little sister”.

In Cusco, there are two seven-coloured mountains. Vinicunca, the more famous one that you’ve probably seen online and dream of visiting on your Peru holiday; and Palccoyo, the alternative destination, the emerging route, and the hidden gem that’s starting to be uncovered for travellers’ amazement.

You can reach the rainbow. Yes, dare to explore the paths of Palccoyo. If you have questions or need more information, don’t worry. This guide will provide you with everything you need to plan your adventure… An adventure you’ll experience and enjoy in full colour!

Where is Palccoyo?

This seven-coloured mountain is located within the territory of the Palccoyo farming community (4,100 m a.s.l.), which is part of the Checacupe district in the Canchis province. The distance from Cusco is 125 km.

An interesting fact that highlights the “sibling” relationship between the Rainbow Mountains is that Vinicunca is also situated in Canchis province, though in the Pitumarca district.

The origin of the mountain

Where do those colours come from? It’s a question that inevitably arises when you visit Palccoyo.

The answer is straightforward. The “rainbow” effect on the mountain is the result of the accumulation of sediments and rock materials. Over centuries and millennia, this has created the striking layers of colour that captivate visitors.

But there’s another detail you should know. Each layer of colour represents a different geological period and contains specific minerals that reflect light in unique ways.

Over time, erosion caused by wind, rain, and snow has “sculpted” grooves on the mountain’s surface, further enhancing the diversity of colours.

Another factor to consider is that extreme climatic conditions, such as intense solar radiation and temperature variations, have contributed to the creation of the mountain’s unique geomorphological features.

How to get to Palccoyo?

By road and on foot. This traveller’s combination will take you to the top of the Palccoyo Rainbow Mountain (4,900 m a.s.l.) in approximately 5 hours.

The motorised route starts in Cusco and ends in Checacupe, where you need to take a taxi or another form of public transport to the base of Palccoyo Mountain.

This marks the end of the road journey and the beginning of the ascent on foot. Here are more details to help you plan your trip:

• Cusco-Checacupe: Head to the bus terminal on Avenida Huayruropata, where you can catch a public bus to Checacupe. The bus journey takes 3 to 4 hours. You can also hire a taxi, but if saving money is a priority, this option may be costly.
• Checacupe-Palccoyo: To reach the base of Palccoyo Mountain, you’ll need to take a taxi or another form of public transport for a 30-minute ride. If you need to make any last-minute purchases, check out the shops in Checacupe.
• Hiking to the Rainbow: From the base of the mountain, you’ll walk 2 kilometres along a relatively easy and accessible path. The hike takes between 30 minutes to 1 hour, depending on your physical fitness. We recommend going slowly to avoid altitude sickness.

Opening hours and prices

The earlier, the better. This could be your mantra for your excursion to Palccoyo, as climbing the mountain is permitted from 6:00 a.m.

If you’re not a fan of early mornings, don’t worry—you can still enter until 14:00 p.m. As for the cost, you’ll need to pay 15 soles. Make sure to bring the amount in cash to avoid any issues.

Other places of interest on the route

Make the most of your excursion to Palccoyo by exploring other points of interest, such as the Red River, the Checacupe Bridges, and the Temple of the Immaculate Conception. Here’s some information about these attractions that will add even more colour to your rainbow experience.

The Red River

It’s called the Red River due to the high concentration of minerals in Palccoyo, which gives the river’s waters a reddish hue as it flows through a valley near the Rainbow Mountain. Make the most of your trip by walking along the banks of the Red River, listening to the otherworldly murmur of its waters, and capturing stunning photos and videos that will make your social media contacts think you’ve journeyed to Mars.

The Checacupe Bridges

In the urban area of this district in the Canchis province, there are two historic bridges. One is of Inca origin, and the other was built during the colonial era. Despite their differences and similarities, both offer an extraordinary visual experience.

• Inca Bridge: This is a splendid example of pre-Hispanic engineering. Although no longer used for modern traffic, it remains a part of the architectural heritage of the children of the sun and serves as further evidence of their significance in the development of Andean culture.
• Colonial Bridge: Located very close to the Inca bridge, this one was built in the 17th century. Its robust structures over the Pitumayu or Ausangate River withstand both pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Given its age and architectural features, it’s worth taking the time to visit and explore it.

The Temple of the Immaculate Virgin

Its typical Andean Baroque facade, with arches, columns, and pediments adorned with carved stone details, makes it a representative example of colonial religious architecture.

Inside the temple—whose construction is thought to have begun in the 16th century—the image of the Immaculate Virgin stands out, revered and celebrated by the people of Checacupe every 8th of December.

The festival is a special opportunity to experience local culture and religious syncretism in the Andes.

Travel recommendations

• Check the weather conditions before your trip. Unexpected rain or a sudden cold snap could dampen or freeze your adventurous spirit.
• Be prepared. Always bring a warm layer and a raincoat, as weather conditions can change drastically at high altitudes.
• Don’t forget a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen for your excursion. Solar radiation is very high in the mountains.
• If you’re not used to high-altitude hiking, it’s advisable to have a light dinner, stay well-hydrated, avoid alcohol, and get an early night before your adventure. This will help improve your performance on the mountain.
• Drink plenty of water throughout your journey. Staying well-hydrated is crucial.
• Respect local customs and traditions. If you want to photograph a local person, ask for permission rather than taking pictures secretly.
• Protect the environment. Be careful with your waste.
• For a more comfortable and safe experience, consider hiring a specialised operator for Palccoyo in Cusco. Alternatively, you can walk with a local guide in Checacupe.

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A journey from the dawn of Andean civilisations to the diverse expressions of contemporary art, where you’ll explore the historical, social, and cultural processes that have unfolded over thousands of years in southern Peru.

This is the itinerary awaiting you in the galleries of Arequipa’s top museums, where archaeology and art, information and social sciences blend to create spaces that inspire, educate, and offer insights into the past while helping you understand the present.

If you want to experience an intense archaeological, artistic, and cultural adventure in the “White City,” follow the route of the 10 must-see museums. You’ll find that each step will lead you to a historical moment that deepens your understanding of Arequipa and the essence of Peru.

1. Andean Sanctuaries Museum (MUSA)

The Ampato volcano harboured the mummified body of a teenage girl for centuries in its frozen slopes. According to research, she was sacrificed during the Inca period in a ritual ceremony honouring the god Viracocha.

Juanita, the girl from Ampato, was discovered in 1995 by archaeologist Johan Reinhard and Arequipa mountaineer Miguel Zárate, as part of the Southern Andean High-altitude Sanctuaries project by the Universidad Católica Santa María de Arequipa.

The various archaeological pieces found during the project — including the famous Ampato girl — are displayed in the galleries of the Andean Sanctuaries Museum (Musa).

Address: Calle La Merced #110, Cercado de Arequipa.

Opening hours: Tuesday to Saturday from 9:00 to 18:00; Sundays from 9:00 am to 14:00.

Admission: Adults 25 soles (foreigners) and 5 soles (Peruvian tourists).

2. José María Morante Archaeological Museum

A grand Republican-era mansion houses the extensive archaeological collection of the National University of San Agustín (UNSA). Due to its importance and variety, it serves as a key reference for understanding the historical process of Arequipa and southern Peru.

Within the museum’s rooms—constructed in the latter half of the 19th century—over 11,000 pieces are on display. These range from simple tools and household items to textiles, mummies, weapons, and furniture of great archaeological and cultural significance.

Address: Calle Álvarez Thomas #200, Cercado de Arequipa.

Opening hours: Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 15:30.

Admission: Adults 5 soles, university students 2 soles, school students 1 sol.

3. Municipal Historical Museum

From pre-Hispanic times to the Republican era, this is the journey you’ll follow through the ten rooms of this museum, housed in the majestic San Francisco architectural complex.

Each room in the museum is dedicated to a specific aspect of local history. Step by step, you’ll explore pre-Hispanic civilizations and colonial Arequipa, feel the revolutionary winds of the emancipation process, and experience the ups and downs of the Republican period.

A gallery featuring portraits of notable Arequipeños and a valuable art collection will enhance your visit to the Guillermo Zegarra Meneses Municipal Historical Museum.

Address: Calle San Francisco #407, Cercado de Arequipa.

Opening hours: Monday to Friday from 8:00 to 16:00; Sunday from 9:00 to 15:00.

Admission: Adults 10 soles (foreigners) and 5 soles (national tourists).

4: Santa Teresa Viceroyal Art Museum

In the cloisters of a colonial monastery renowned for its beautiful architecture, you’ll find a diverse collection of viceroyal sacred art that reveals the artistic sensibility and religiosity of Arequipa’s society during a pivotal period in the country’s history.

The religious art collection of the Carmelite Monastery of San José, known as Santa Teresa, includes paintings, sculptures, textiles, silverwork, furniture, and other decorative objects, crafted from the 16th to the 19th centuries.

The exhibit showcases the predominant aesthetic of the viceroyalty of Peru. The museum offers guided tours, temporary exhibitions, lectures, concerts, and various other cultural activities.

Address: Calle Melgar #303, Cercado de Arequipa.

Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 10:00 to 17:00.

Admission: Adults 20 soles, university students 6 soles, seniors 10 soles, school students 3.50 soles.

5. Arequipa Cathedral Museum

Built between 1540 and 1656, the majestic Cathedral Basilica stands as a testament to the faith of the people of Arequipa and a bastion of colonial Peruvian religious art.

The Cathedral, notable for its facade with 70 columns and two Renaissance towers, houses religious paintings, wooden sculptures of the twelve apostles, precious stones, jewellery crafted by Francisco de Moratilla, and a Loret organ.

Manufactured in Belgium, the organ stands 12 metres tall and consists of 1,206 pipes, making it one of the most valuable pieces in the cathedral museum.

Address: Lateral portal of Calle Santa Catalina, Cercado de Arequipa.

Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 10:00 to 16:15.

Admission: Adults 10 soles, with an additional 5 soles for a guided tour.

6. San Francisco de Asís Convent Museum

The origins of the San Francisco de Asís Convent Museum trace back to the construction of the colonial church and convent of the Franciscan Order, a monumental project that spanned from 1595 to 1698, though it was officially inaugurated in 1672.

Due to the architectural significance and historical value of the convent, your cultural and tourist experience begins even before you enter. Inside, you’ll explore the main cloister, the chapter room, the Dunas room, the Escoto, and the art collection dedicated to the Immaculate Conception.

During your visit, you’ll see altarpieces, paintings, sculptures, furniture, and various religious ornaments, as well as a bibliographic collection exceeding 25,000 volumes, including the first dictionary published by the Royal Spanish Academy.

Your visit to the San Francisco Convent and Museum will be incomplete if you don’t explore the intricate underground passages of the catacombs, where you can view the skeletal remains of Arequipa’s former inhabitants.

Address: Calle Zela #103, Cercado de Arequipa.

Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 15:00 to 18:00.

Admission: Adults 10 soles, students 5 soles, children 3 soles.

7. Santa Catalina Monastery Museum

Religious art and various everyday objects used by the cloistered nuns who lived in the convent during the colonial period are displayed at the Santa Catalina Monastery and Museum, one of the architectural gems of Arequipa’s Historic Centre.

The museum’s rooms are located within the cloisters of the renowned convent, which still houses a group of nuns today. They have no direct contact with the outside world but remain there, praying, working, and leading a life removed from the temptations of modern life.

While at the convent and museum, pay special attention to the art gallery. Its collection of over 400 religious paintings are genuine masterpieces that showcase the different schools, techniques, and pictorial styles used during the colonial period.

Address: Calle Santa Catalina #301, Cercado de Arequipa.

Opening hours: Monday to Sunday from 9:00 to 18:00. Night tours are available on Tuesdays from 17:30 to 19:30.

Admission: Adults 45 soles (both foreigners and nationals).

8. La Recoleta Convent Museum

In the 17th-century cloisters of this Franciscan convent, you’ll find archaeological pieces from the Moche, Chimú, and Inca cultures, as well as ethnographic information and various objects from Amazonian communities.

These collections are complemented by outstanding examples of colonial religious art. You’ll also be intrigued by the room featuring antique toys and the library, which houses over 20,000 books and old maps, including one dated 1494.

The convent’s architecture will impress you with its Gothic and Romanesque lines. Make sure to take the opportunity to climb the bell tower for an unparalleled view of the Misti volcano.

Address: Calle La Recoleta #117, a five-minute taxi ride from the Plaza de Armas.

Opening hours: Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 13:30 and from 15:00 to 17:00.

Admission: Adults 20 soles.

9. Central Reserve Bank Museum (Mucem)

Archaeology, colonial art, paintings by renowned national artists, and the evolution of currency in Peru are the main collections you’ll find in the rooms of the Central Reserve Bank Museum (Mucem), part of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru’s (BCR) Museum Network.

Opened in 2007, the museum expanded its exhibition space in 2016 with the addition of new galleries. The museum is housed in the beautiful Goyoneche and Bustamante mansions, located in the Historic Centre of the city.

Address: Calle La Merced #205.

Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 9:15 to 17:00.

Admission: Free.

10: Contemporary Art Museum (MAC Arequipa)

The MAC is a window into the world of contemporary art, showcasing art of today. More than just a museum, MAC serves as a meeting space where national and international creators converge through various artistic disciplines.

MAC’s vision is to extend its reach beyond the physical boundaries of its facilities through a virtual platform. The goal is to create new spaces and opportunities to appreciate and promote contemporary art in the region.

Address: Alameda San Lázaro, Cercado, Arequipa.

Opening hours: Wednesday to Monday from 9:00 to 17:30.

Admission: Adults S/ 12, Children S/ 6.

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A valley, a canyon, several rural villages. The river, the depth, the mountains with their slopes transformed into terraced fields. The viewpoint, the cross, and the flight of the condor. The archaeological remains, the colonial churches, the religious festivals. The experiences, the customs, and the traditions of the Cabanas and Collaguas.

Snapshots of Colca: the high valley, the deep canyon, the tourist destination that captures the interest of travellers arriving in Arequipa. Is it close? Is it easy to reach? Can I go and come back in a day? These are the questions they repeatedly ask, and these are the queries we will address in this article.

We want you to explore Chivay, Cabanaconde, Yanque, Maca, and other villages in the Caylloma province, to discover one of the deepest canyons in the world (3200 to 3400 meters), to witness the flight of the condors, and to uncover the historical roots of a valley that preserves its ancestral essence.

Historical Highlights

Thousands of years ago, groups of nomadic hunters and gatherers roamed the heights and depths of the valley and canyon in search of food to ensure their survival. Gradually, they began to organise and learn to cultivate the land, changing their way of life.

From nomads to settlers. From gatherers to farmers. That was the beginning. That was the seed of the civilisation that began to sprout around 6000 BC, in the Colca River valley and the territories of the current Caylloma province (Arequipa region).

Changing History. Millennia and centuries of flourishing and decline. In this social and cultural process, the Cabanas—who claimed to come from the Hualca Hualca volcano—and the Collaguas, of Aymara origin, stand out. They settled in the Colca around 900 BC.

Both groups excelled in the raising of camelids. They wove garments from the fibres of llamas and alpacas, while the meat served as their food. During this period, they would “carve” the terraced fields that are still preserved today. Their development and refinement are attributed to the Collaguas.

But pre-Hispanic history in the valley does not end there. As would happen across much of the Andes, the Incas extended their domain to the deep canyon of Arequipa; however, beyond their presence and archaeological legacy, the Colqueños identify as proud descendants of the Cabanas and Collaguas.

How to Get to Colca?

By land, always by road. That’s the key to reaching the Colca Valley and Canyon, a destination located in the Caylloma province. The main gateway to this depth-filled paradise is Chivay, the provincial capital located approximately 160 kilometres from Arequipa. The journey takes between 3 to 4 hours.

As a popular national and international tourist attraction, several public transport companies operate routes at various times. So, you won’t have any trouble visiting one of the deepest canyons on the planet.

From Arequipa to Chivay

Buses depart from the Arequipa Bus Terminal (Avenida Arturo Ibáñez #130, Jacobo Hunter district). There are various schedules, including early morning departures so you can arrive in Chivay by first light. Note that during peak season (June-August), passenger traffic increases, so it’s advisable to book your tickets in advance.

• From Chivay to the Cruz del Cóndor: To visit one of the canyon’s key attractions, it’s recommended to hire a taxi in Chivay. The trip to the famous viewpoint takes about an hour. Be sure to negotiate the fare before getting in.

What if I Take a Tour?

In Arequipa, you’ll find multiple local operators offering various itineraries to the Colca Canyon and Valley. From day trips with public transport to private multi-day tours that also connect to Puno and Lake Titicaca.

If you opt for a tour, your only concern will be to fully enjoy the trip. The operator handles everything else. For private transport tours, the itinerary typically includes strategic stops at the Salinas Aguada Blanca National Reserve and the Volcanoes Viewpoint at the Patapampa Pass.

The Trails of Colca

Colca invites you to walk and explore. Traversing the trails that wind through the fields, mountains, and canyon walls offers a unique perspective of this fascinating destination.

If you’re interested in hiking, here are some of the most popular routes:

• Cabanaconde–Sangalle–Cabanaconde: Known for its diverse landscapes, this trail starts in Cabanaconde and descends to the banks of the Colca River (San Juan de Chuccho), then ascends to Tapay before descending again to the Sangalle oasis. From here, you begin the return to Cabanaconde (a climb). The route can be completed in one day or over several days.
• Cruz del Cóndor–San Juan de Chuccho–Cabanaconde: This trail starts at the famous viewpoint where you can observe the flight of the condor. After a long descent, you reach San Juan de Chuccho, deep in the Colca Canyon. The path is spectacular but demanding. The return involves a long and challenging climb.
• Cabanaconde–Cruz del Cóndor: This is the most well-known route. It begins in Cabanaconde and, after passing through the villages of Malata, Tapay, and Canocota, ends at the renowned Cruz del Cóndor viewpoint. From here, you can return by car or bus to Chivay.

What to Visit in Colca?

With so much to see, experience, and enjoy in the valley and canyon, choosing what to visit can sometimes be overwhelming. To help you make your choice, here’s a list of the most popular and impressive attractions.

Travel Tips for Colca Canyon

• Rain-Free Period. From May to October (the dry season) is the best time to visit Colca Canyon, as rainfall is minimal.
• Beware of Altitude Sickness. The valley towns are situated at over 3000 m a.s.l., so it’s a great idea to acclimatise in Arequipa (2300 metres above sea level) to avoid altitude sickness.
• Be Prepared. Your luggage or backpack should include warm clothing (jackets, gloves, hats, scarves), a hat or sun visor, hiking shoes and boots, a rain jacket, and, if possible, a good pair of binoculars.
• Ready to Hike. If your goal is to explore the Colca trails, bring trekking boots and poles, a comfortable backpack, a flashlight, and plenty of water. A tent and sleeping bag are also good options.
• Keep Documents Handy. Always keep your passport and identification close by.
• Book in Advance. Reserve your accommodation and other services ahead of time, especially during the high season (June-August).
• Carry Cash. While cards are accepted at many tourist establishments in the valley, you’ll need to make cash payments in soles. Tip: Avoid high-denomination bills, as they can be hard to change.
• Stay Energised. Bring snacks and energy foods to keep your spirits high during your excursions.
• Communication. Ensure you have a mobile phone with coverage in the region and that it’s fully charged for emergency calls.
• Protect Colca. Respect the environment and local culture. This is the best way to help preserve this beautiful destination.

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